Famous for artists who perfected the craft of “Are-Bure-Boke” – raw, blurred and grainy, photography from Japan is often characterized by its underground feel and experimental essence.
It’s not only iconic camera brands such as Nikon, Canon, Fuji, Mamiya, Pentax, and Contax that have put Japan on the map with regards to photography, but the island has produced some of the most innovative, cutting edge and boundary-pushing photographers in the whole world.
1. Eikoh Hosoe – Yukio Mishima, Ordeal by Roses #32, 1961-1962
Yukio Mishima was a Japanese author, poet, playwright, actor, film director and nationalist whose work blended modern and traditional aesthetics, breaking cultural boundaries by focussing on sexuality, death and political change. In 1970 he formed a right-wing militia, called the Tatenokai, which staged an attempted coup d’état by trying to seize control of a Japanese military base to inspire soldiers to restore the Emperor’s pre-war powers, in accordance with Mishima’s conceptualization of sovereignty. When it failed, Mishima publicly committed the ritual Japanese suicide of seppuku (self-disembowelment). The coup attempt became known as the “Mishima Incident”.
A decade beforehand, Eikoh Hosoe had been commissioned to photograph the famous writer, upon Mishima’s own personal request. “Barakei – Killed by Roses” would become one of the most infamous photobooks of the 20th century casting Mishima in surrealist scenes to reinvent his public image.
2. Greg Girard – Crosswalk in Tokyo’s Shinjuku district, Japan, 1979
Renowned Canadian photographer Greg Girard is known for his neon-hued images, which capture the changing face of some of Asia’s largest cities during the late 20th century. Arriving in Tokyo as a young traveler in 1976, Girard initially planned a brief stay but, mesmerized by the city’s unique modernity, he ended up staying for four years, teaching by day and exploring by night. Girard immersed himself in the city, capturing profoundly compelling, color-soaked images that convey the essence of ‘bubble era’ Japan, exemplified in this captivating image of a night scene in Tokyo’s infamous Shinjuku neighbourhood, which epitomizes the surreal, futuristic ambience that so captivated him.
3. Masahisa Fukase – Solitude of Ravens, 1977
Fukase came to prominence as a photographer in the aftermath of WWII, and his most famous series, Ravens, has thus occasionally been read as a commentary on the shadow cast on the nation after its defeat in the war. Yet this body of work, which alludes to the Raven as a harbinger of dark times, has abstract qualities which allow it to be read in a multitude of ways. Fukase himself has spoken of Ravens as a soliloquy reflecting his personal lament at the loss of his wife. Regarded by photography historians as one of the most important series of Japanese photos, Ravens haunting imagery is timeless and continues to forebode and inspire audiences today.
4. Nobuyoshi Araki – Colourscapes, 1991
Easily Japan’s most controversial photographer, Araki has made his name depicting his subjects, mainly women, in suggestive poses, often tied up and nude. Due to obscenity laws in Japan that censor genitals and pubic hair, Araki’s work has often been confiscated or banned by Japanese authorities. Blurring the lines between art and exploitation, Araki is hailed both as an icon of sexual liberation and as a pervert.
The prolific artist has published over 500 photobooks over his career and is mostly known for his black and white images of women in bondage. However, his later journey into the world of colour instantly proved that Araki’s creative strength was not limited to the monochrome. Likewise, his colour scapes explore the themes of sex and social taboos.
5. Kohei Yoshiyuki – The Park, 1971-1973
As Kohei Yoshiyuki strolled through a park one night in 1971, he stumbled unwillingly across groups of men and women copulating in the bushes. This late-night stroll was to become one of the most seminal bodies of work in Japanese photographic history, resulting in The Park, a tale of lust that comes to life at night, an entire underground society of lovers and writhing bodies cloaked in darkness.
Yoshiyuki’s series is characterized by ghostly figures in white, voyeurs who seem like apparitions. Capturing the loneliness and desperation that can haunt people living in a metropolis like Tokyo, this electrifying series is made all the more so through Yoshiyuki’s use of Infrared film and flash, which results in a grainy and burnt negative effect.
6. Shomei Tomatsu – Takuma Nakahira, 1964
Shomei Tomatsu was possibly the most influential photographer of the postwar era. He introduced the style of “are, bure and boke” meaning raw, blurred and grainy to the world of Japanese photography, a style which Japanese photographers have remained faithful to, even today. His break from the restrained formalism that was prevalent in Japanese art at the time has made his legacy all the more dramatic.
Tomatsu is known to have strongly influenced others of his generation including Daido Moriyama as well as the founders of the seminal Provoke magazine; Takuma Nakahira, Yutaka Takanashi, Kōji Taki, and Takahiko Okada who were tired of feeling the disillusionment of a decade of fruitless protests and upheavals.
7. Fabrizio Bonifazi – ‘Maiko in Japanese taxi’
Fabrizio Bonifazi‘s captivating image portrays a trio of Maikos, trainee Geishas, who engage in traditional arts such as Odori (traditional Japanese dances) and the playing of instruments like the Shamisen or the Koto during feasts. The Geisha has evolved into an iconic symbol of Japan, and Bonifazi’s photograph beautifully captures this trio of apprentices. Their white-powdered faces are illuminated by the bright lights within the taxi, creating a striking contrast against the backdrop of the dark night, punctuated by the soft, out-of-focus neon signs from distant bars which add further atmosphere to the composition
8. Daido Moriyama – Entertainer on Stage, Shimizu 1967
Moriyama, perhaps Japanese photography’s biggest international export, has used photography to document the dissolution of traditional Japanese values during the accelerated modernization of postwar Japan. Moriyama’s distinct style is characterized by its heavy grain and high-contrast, and his subjects are often those living on the margins of society, people who he feels represent the chaos of urban experience. His work is dynamic, epitomizing the Japanese idea of ‘wabi-sabi’– the aesthetic of finding beauty in imperfection. His focus on the lost and the discarded only strengthens his clear intent to find meaning in every small, seemingly insignificant thing that reveals itself to him.
9. Mao Ishikawa – The Women of Okinawa
The protege of Shômei Tômatsu, Ishikawa was an art school drop out from Okinawa, an island in the East Chinese sea. Okinawa, which was American-occupied from 1975-1977 had a large military base on it where GI soldiers were segregated. Ishikawa photographed the lives of her girlfriends, who often worked in these segregated bars. The images of these carefree 20-year old and their boyfriends, the black army soldiers who frequented the bars, show a side of Okinawa which contrasts sharply with the divisive tensions on the island.
10. Kineo Kuwabara – Ueno Station, Tokyo, 1936
Considered the “portraitist” of Tokyo, Kineo Kuwabara’s quiet and beautiful photos paint the metropolis in an almost serene light. Made famous by long-time friend and super-fan, Araki, Kuwabara first exhibited his work in the exhibition “Love you Tokyo” in 1993. Both a professor and historian of photography, Kuwabara’s photos are a thoughtful study of complex terrain, dating back to the earliest days of modernisation.
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