Germany was the leader in photographic technology throughout the 19th-20th century with brands such as Rollei and Leica paving the way for modern photographers. It's varied but often brutal history has left a remarkably rich photographic legacy.

Early photography in China had a uniquely Chinese aspect - inspired by traditional painting techniques of the era. Some photographers actually painted calligraphy over their photos, in the style of the Literati painters. Since then Chinese photography has evolved to encompass a wide variety of genres and styles.